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How I-95 Changed Downtown Boynton Beach

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Ever wonder why Boynton Beach never developed a downtown like Delray’s Atlantic Avenue? The answer may lie in two highways built decades ago.

When Interstate 95 cut through Palm Beach County in the late 1960s and early 1970s, it promised faster travel and modern transportation. But for towns along its route, the new highway also came with tradeoffs. Boynton Beach was one of them.

A March 1969 Boynton Beach News Journal article described the planned route of I-95 through the city. The interstate would pass through Boynton with just two exits: NE 2nd Avenue (today’s Boynton Beach Boulevard) and SW 15th Avenue (now Woolbright Road). Between those two points, the highway would cut directly through neighborhoods and businesses.


The project required taking land along the route. The article noted that three houses on SW 8th Street just south of SW 2nd Avenue would be removed to make way for the interstate. Businesses were affected as well. Rinker Materials would have to relocate because the new highway would pass directly through its property.

Residents and businesses along Ocean Avenue raised concerns during planning, asking how the interstate would affect access across town. Their concerns were justified.

State Road Department officials explained that Ocean Avenue would not cross the interstate. Because the highway would be elevated at the nearby interchange, building a crossing over both I-95 and the railroad tracks was considered too expensive. The plan simply eliminated it.

That decision had long-lasting consequences.

 

Ocean Avenue had long been the main route into downtown Boynton Beach, the historic business district near the Intracoastal Waterway.

Before the interstate era, motorists traveling north and south along U.S. 1 and Dixie Highwaynaturally passed through downtown, providing steady traffic for local shops and restaurants.

The shift in travel patterns had actually begun earlier. When the Florida Turnpike—then called the Sunshine State Parkway—opened in 1957, long-distance drivers were already being funneled onto a faster route west of the coastal towns instead of traveling through them.

The arrival of I-95 completed the bypass.

 

 

With exits only at Boynton Beach Boulevard and Woolbright Road, drivers on the interstate had no direct route into downtown via Ocean Avenue. Thousands of cars passed the city every day, but most never entered the historic business district.

Over time, traffic that once flowed naturally toward the waterfront disappeared, and businesses that depended on pass-through customers struggled. As development followed the interstate westward, downtown Boynton Beach was gradually left off the main travel route.

By the time the Boynton Beach Mall opened in 1985, much of Boynton’s retail and restaurants had closed, or moved west.

Looking back, the story helps explain why the once-busy downtown district faded. The highway that connected South Florida also redirected the traffic that had once kept Boynton’s historic center alive.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Rainbow Tropical Gardens: A Roadside Paradise in Boynton Beach

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Rainbow Tropical Gardens: A Roadside Paradise in Boynton Beach

In the first half of the twentieth century, the coastal region of South Florida experienced rapid transformation. Railroads, highways, and the land boom of the 1920s brought new towns and tourism to areas like Boynton Beach. Along U.S. Highway 1, travelers encountered a landscape filled with nurseries, citrus groves, and small attractions that promoted Florida’s image as a lush, tropical destination. Among these, one of the most memorable was Rainbow Tropical Gardens, created and maintained by Clyde O’Brien Miller, a gifted horticulturist whose imagination and craftsmanship shaped the site into one of Boynton Beach’s earliest and most beloved landmarks.

Clyde O’Brien Miller and His Vision

Clyde O’Brien Miller was born in 1885 and developed an early interest in tropical plants and landscape design. He was part of a generation of horticulturists who viewed Florida not only as fertile ground for agriculture but also as a living canvas for artful gardens. Before establishing his own property, Miller worked on the gardens of Addison Mizner’s Cloister Inn in Boca Raton, where he absorbed Mizner’s use of Mediterranean Revival architecture and romantic garden design. This experience strongly influenced his later work.

By the late 1920s, Miller had settled in Boynton Beach and purchased land along U.S. 1 just north of downtown. He opened Rainbow’s End Nursery, which sold tropical plants and decorative landscape materials. Miller’s passion for creating beautiful spaces soon transformed the nursery into something larger. He began developing the grounds into Rainbow Tropical Gardens, a series of landscaped pathways, water features, and floral displays that showcased the variety and vibrancy of Florida’s tropical vegetation. Miller’s vision combined horticulture and art in a way that appealed to both tourists and local residents.

Design and Features

The gardens reflected Miller’s mastery of planting design and his appreciation for the visual power of color and form. He arranged winding footpaths that led through beds of hibiscus, crotons, bougainvillea, and palms. Visitors followed these trails past lagoons, fountains, and bridges, each carefully placed to frame the surrounding landscape. Stone gazebos, archways, and pergolas offered shade and a sense of discovery, while reflecting pools mirrored the vibrant foliage overhead.

At the front of the property stood Mediterranean Revival–style buildings that served as the gift shop and café. Local tradition and historical recollections suggest that Addison Mizner, who had already established himself as Palm Beach County’s most famous architect, either designed or inspired these structures. The combination of stucco walls, barrel tile roofs, and arched openings harmonized perfectly with the surrounding plantings.

Miller himself was responsible for much of the stonework and ornamental detailing throughout the grounds. His craftsmanship gave the gardens a handmade quality that distinguished them from purely commercial roadside attractions. Everything about the property reflected careful planning and artistic intent.

The Tourist Attraction Years

During the 1930s and 1940s, Rainbow Tropical Gardens became a celebrated stop for travelers driving the Dixie Highway and later U.S. 1. Visitors walked through the gardens, took photographs, and purchased tropical plants to ship north. The site appeared on linen postcards distributed across the country, often labeled with its motto, “All the Colors of the Tropics.” These colorful images helped spread Boynton Beach’s reputation as a place of natural beauty.

By the postwar years, Miller expanded the attraction to meet the expectations of modern tourists. The property included bird shows, alligators, and a Seminole Indian Village, reflecting the entertainment trends of the 1950s. Despite these additions, the heart of the gardens remained Miller’s landscapes and his commitment to horticultural display.

Rainbow Tropical Gardens also functioned as a community landmark. Local families held gatherings on the grounds, and the gardens served as a backdrop for countless photographs and wedding portraits. It represented the idealized Florida landscape that residents and visitors alike associated with sunshine, color, and abundance.

Florida map showing Rainbow Tropical Gardens

Decline and Transformation

By the late 1950s, the tourist economy of coastal Florida began to shift. The construction of the interstate highway system diverted travelers away from U.S. 1, reducing the steady stream of visitors who once stopped in Boynton Beach. Larger and more heavily advertised attractions, such as Cypress Gardens near Winter Haven, began to dominate the market. Like many independent roadside sites, Rainbow Tropical Gardens could not compete.

The property gradually closed, and much of the land was redeveloped. However, the main building, which had served as the garden’s entrance and café, survived. It was adapted for new use and today operates as Benvenuto’s Catering and Restaurant, a well-known Boynton Beach landmark. The restaurant retains many original architectural elements, including stucco walls, Spanish tile roofing, and arched porticos that date back to the garden’s early years.

The surrounding area became part of the Dos Lagos residential community, which occupies what was once the broader landscape of the gardens. Within that neighborhood, a few of the original garden structures still exist. Stone gazebos, walls, and fragments of pathways can still be found amid newer development, quietly preserving traces of Miller’s original design.

Remnant arch from Rainbow Tropical Gardens

Clyde Miller’s Legacy

Clyde O’Brien Miller’s work at Rainbow Tropical Gardens reflected his belief that horticulture was an art form capable of transforming the everyday environment. His skill as a gardener and builder made him one of Boynton Beach’s early creative figures. Although Miller was not trained as an architect, his collaboration with the Mizner aesthetic and his ability to blend structure and vegetation placed him within the larger tradition of Florida’s garden designers.

Miller’s influence extended beyond the physical site. His approach to tropical landscaping anticipated later trends in South Florida design, where color, texture, and native flora became central features of residential and public gardens. Even after the gardens closed, his example inspired other nurserymen and landscapers in the region.

Enduring Significance

Rainbow Tropical Gardens stood for three decades as a symbol of South Florida’s beauty and enterprise. It showcased the possibilities of tropical horticulture at a time when the region was defining its identity as a tourist paradise. The site’s history connects Boynton Beach to the broader story of Florida’s roadside culture and the individuals who shaped it through imagination and labor.

Although much of the original garden has vanished, the survival of Benvenuto’s Restaurant and several of Miller’s stone structures ensures that the spirit of Rainbow Tropical Gardens has not completely disappeared. For residents of the Dos Lagos community, the memory of the gardens remains embedded in the landscape itself.

Park Shores Manor: Boynton’s first Townhouse/Condominium Project

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In 1963, Boynton Beach entered a new era of residential growth when former mayor J. Willard “Bill” Pipes announced plans for a $3.5 million condominium complex to be built along the west side of the Lake Worth Lagoon between Northeast 10th and 12th Avenues. The project, called Park Shores Manor, was planned as a 23-building community of two-story residences, totaling 117 living units. It represented one of Boynton Beach’s first ventures into the townhouse and condominium style of living, a concept still new to most of Florida at the time. Pipes, who had been a Pepsi-Cola executive before returning to local business, saw in Boynton Beach the ideal setting for a modern, self-contained residential community that combined independence with shared amenities.

Palm Beach architect John Stetson designed the project in a “tropical, island-type” style with a Mediterranean influence. The homes were organized as townhouses with living rooms and kitchens on the first floor and bedrooms on the second. Each building faced either Lake Worth (today’s Intracoastal Waterway) or a man-made canal and included a private dock and patio. Walls and hedges separated the units, creating privacy while maintaining a sense of community. The four-acre property was located almost opposite the Boynton Inlet, offering quick access to the Intracoastal Waterway and the Atlantic Ocean.

 

Pipes emphasized that Park Shores Manor would be built as a true condominium, a legal arrangement that allowed each owner to hold title to their individual unit and the land beneath it. This differed from the cooperative housing model, where residents owned shares in a corporation rather than their own property. He explained that this structure gave owners the freedom to obtain mortgages, buy and sell their homes independently, and build personal equity. It was a new form of home ownership that fit the optimism of postwar Florida and the growing desire for maintenance-free living near the water.

The plans included a shared clubhouse, putting green, swimming pool, and shuffleboard area. Units were offered in one-, two-, and three-bedroom models priced from $14,000 to $24,000. Each home featured individual air conditioning and heating, built-in television aerials, and access to 75-foot-wide canals. The first building, containing six units, was projected to cost about $90,000, excluding land costs. Construction was expected to begin in mid-1963, and future phases would proceed according to sales. The Jay Willard Corporation, headed by Pipes, managed both construction and sales.

By early 1965, Park Shores Manor Town Houses had become a reality. A newspaper advertisement that January invited buyers to enjoy “carefree living” in a waterfront community. The ad described one- and two-bedroom townhouses with carpeted bedrooms, tiled baths, G.E. kitchens, and sliding glass doors. Each home had individually controlled heat and air conditioning, private boat dockage, and access to deep, dredged canals just off the Intracoastal Waterway. The community was only five minutes from Gulf Stream fishing grounds.

Presale prices ranged from $17,900 to $25,400, including the lot. Six homes were ready for immediate occupancy, with financing available for up to twenty years at six percent interest. Ownership included a one-year membership to the Cypress Creek Golf Club, and residents could join a private club and pool if they wished. The ad described a planned colony of 120 townhouses at 658 Manor Drive in Boynton Beach, offering an organized yet independent lifestyle along the water.

 

 

 

 

Park Shores Manor combined modern construction with coastal living. It offered residents the privacy of individual ownership with the comfort of shared amenities. The architecture, setting, and ownership model reflected Florida’s changing identity in the 1960s, when towns like Boynton Beach began transforming from quiet coastal communities into planned residential centers. Pipes and his team built more than a set of homes. They established one of Boynton Beach’s earliest examples of condominium-style living, setting a pattern for future developments that would define the region’s growth for decades.

Fun fact: Rider Road is named for Willard Pipes’ wife Jean Rider Pipes. Today the townhouses sell for $275-$400,000.

It’s a little piece of paradise; one that makes Boynton Beach so special.

The Coquimbo Shipwreck: A Tale of Adventure, Rescue, and Legacy

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THE COQUIMBO SHIPWRECK: A TALE OF ADVENTURE, RESCUE, AND LEGACY

by Janet DeVries Naughton

The Coquimbo loaded with lumber, ashore 1/2 mile below the Boynton Hotel (Photo credit: Martin County Digital)

THE SHIP

In the early morning hours of a brisk January morning in 1909, the residents of Boynton awoke to a surprising sight. Just beyond the breakers, a large sailing ship loomed in the shadows, its masts towering above the water. The ship, a Norwegian barkentine named Coquimbo, had run aground on the offshore reef.

Lumber Bark Ashore (2 Feb 1909 Gulfport Record)

 

Built in Glasgow in 1876, the Coquimbo was a classic example of a lumber ship, designed to carry vast quantities of timber across the oceans. With two square-rigged masts forward and a schooner-rigged mast aft, the Coquimbo was a formidable vessel, one that had seen its share of rough seas and long voyages.

A small boat and several men readying to go out to the stranded Coquimbo (Photo credit: Martin County Digital)

The Coquimbo, destined for Buenos Aires, carried longleaf pine lumber grown in Gulfport, Mississippi. But as she sailed down the coast of Florida, disaster struck. Whether due to navigational error or the treacherous nature of the reef, the ship found herself hopelessly stranded. Aboard were fifteen men: three Swedes, one Dane, one Finn, and ten Norwegians, led by their captain, I. Clausen. They were now at the mercy of the sea and the elements, their ship a helpless giant stuck fast on the coral.

THE RESCUE

Word of the stranded ship spread quickly among Boynton residents. By midmorning, settlers rushed to the scene, eager to assist in the rescue. They crossed the canal, now known as the Intracoastal Waterway, on a hand-pulled skiff, determined to help the crew. According to oral history accounts, a breeches buoy transported the fifteen men to the beach.

Cargo little value to wreckers (4 Feb 1909, Miami Morning News-Record)

For the next two months, the crew of the Coquimbo made their home on the beach, camping under makeshift tents fashioned from the ship’s sails. The weather was often chilly, and blustery, but the men endured, waiting for a steam tug to arrive from Key West to free their ship. The tug finally arrived, but despite days of effort, the Coquimbo remained stubbornly grounded. By May, the relentless pounding of the waves began to break up her hull, sealing her fate as a permanent fixture on the reef.

THE LUMBER

With the ship beyond saving, attention turned to her cargo: the precious lumber. According to pioneer Bertha Williams Chadwell, within days, a bonanza of long-leaf pine began washing ashore, scattered along a one-mile stretch of Boynton Beach. The settlers wasted no time in salvaging the timber. Families scrambled to pull the logs from the surf, stacking them in huge piles.

Men standing on the beach with dories laden with goods from the Coquimbo (shown in background) Photo courtesy of the Boynton Beach Historical Society

Capt. Clausen stayed at the Boynton Hotel and places ads in newspapers advising that the Coquimbo rigging, tackle, lumber and provisions were to be sold at Public Auction (24 Mar 1909)

 

 

 

A U.S. Marshall eventually arrived and declared that all the wood would have to be auctioned. However, he permitted the Boynton men to mark their piles, allowing them to purchase the lumber at low bids.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Marine underwriters Vernon Price-Williams selling Coquimbo lumber at auction (7 May 1909)

 

The remaining lumber was bought by a salvager from Key West, who had been informed of the wreck by the unsuccessful tugboat captain. This salvager constructed a miniature railroad that ran from the beach to the Intracoastal Waterway, using six oxen to pull a small car loaded with timber to a waiting barge. The lumber was then transported to Key West, where it was used to construct homes in what was, at the time, the wealthiest city in Florida.

 

 

 

THE LEGACY

The Coquimbo’s lumber played a significant role in the development of Boynton Beach and the surrounding area. Many of the early homes and businesses in Boynton were built with the salvaged wood, including the original Boynton Beach Woman’s Club, which once stood on Ocean Avenue.

The Boynton Woman’s Club building on Ocean Avenue was built from lumber salvaged from the Coquimbo. The building lasted nearly a century and was demolished for the 500 Ocean apartment complex (Photograph: Richard Katz)

The ship’s salvaged bell continued to ring at First United Methodist Church for a couple decades, and today hangs outside St. Cuthbert’s Episcopal Church. The wood, auctioned to the settlers, became an integral part of the town’s architectural history.

Horace B. Murray house, constructed with longleaf pine from the Coquimbo cargo

SKELETAL REMAINS

The Coquimbo herself, though, did not disappear entirely. In 1997, a magnetometer survey off the coast of Briny Breezes revealed remnants of a sailing ship. The survey team, led by local historian Steve Singer, concluded that the wreckage belonged to the Coquimbo. The ship’s bow, two masts, and other wreckage were now exposed, lying about 350 yards offshore in 15 to 17 feet of water.

An underwater photo of what Steven Dennison says is the 1909 wreck of the Coquimbo (2013, Steven Dennison photographer)

The wreckage was soon reburied under the shifting sands, only to be uncovered again in 2013 by Hurricane Sandy. It was during this time that Steven Dennison, a local resident, stumbled upon the shipwreck while snorkeling. Dennison had been exploring the waters off Ocean Ridge when he noticed something unusual on the ocean floor. As he swam closer, he realized he had discovered the long-lost Coquimbo. He found that the ship’s structure was remarkably well-preserved, with the bow, masts, and steering mechanism still intact. He shared his discovery with Joe Masterson, founder of the Marine Archaeological Research and Conservation group, who confirmed that the wreck was indeed the Coquimbo. By April 2013, the shifting sands had once again buried the ship, leaving no trace of her on the ocean floor.

LOCAL HERITAGE

The story of the Coquimbo is more than just a tale of a shipwreck; it is a story of resilience, community, and the enduring legacy of the past. The ship’s lumber helped build a town, and her wreckage continues to intrigue and inspire those who learn of her fate. The Coquimbo may be hidden beneath the sand, but her story lives on in the memories of those who cherish the history of Boynton Beach.

SOURCES

Blackerby, Cheryl. 2013. History Revealed: Sandy Uncovers Final Resting Spot of Norwegian Freighter The Coquimbo. The Coastal Star https://thecoastalstar.com/profiles/blogs/history-revealed-sandy-uncovers-final-resting-spot-of-norwegian-f

Castello, David. Wreck of the Coquimbo. https://www.boyntonbeach.com/history-of-boynton-beach/coquimbo/

Naughton, Janet DeVries. 2015. Discovery of Unusual Postcard of the 1909 Shipwreck Coquimbo and the Tale of Two Clydes. Boynton Beach Historical Society

Nichols, James H. 1980. The Wreck of the Coquimbo, Palm Beach Daily News

Singer, Steve. Norwegian Bark Coquimbo. https://www.anchorexplorations.com/bark-coquimbo-shipwreck?fbclid=IwY2xjawEyEA1leHRuA2FlbQIxMAABHVV-FT-WwwaH1fJmkGniYXtICj7sd6NnxfKUu6rnm-DNRrBCvIawlP8AHQ_aem_-qb8i1c6iBzglJoER1HWQQ

Willoughby, Hugh de Laussat II, 1885-1956, “Launching a boat, Winter 1912,” Martin Digital History, accessed August 20, 2024, http://www.martindigitalhistory.org/items/show/5992.

ORAL HISTORIES

Chadwell, Bertha Daugharty Williams, 1979, Boynton Beach City Library

Murray, Glenn L. 1978, Boynton Beach City Library

NEWSPAPERS

Daily Press, Newport News, VA

The Evening Mail, Halifax, Nova Scotia

Gulfport Record, Gulfport. Mississipi

The Macon Telegraph, Macon, Georgia

Miami Morning News-Record, Miami

The Miami News, Miami

The Ocala Evening Star, Ocala

The Palm Beach Post, West Palm Beach

South Florida Sun Sentinel, Fort Lauderdale

The Philadelphia Inquirer, Philadelphia

The Roanoke Times, Roanoke Virginia

South Florida Sun Sentinel, Fort Lauderdale

Virginian-Pilot, Norfolk, Virginia

 

 

 

The Orange Blossom Express

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Excitement filled the air in the newly chartered Town of Boynton by the sea. The long awaited Orange Blossom Express had completed its extension to Miami, and was scheduled to stop in Boynton. This monumental event embodied even more prosperity for south Florida. The last few years saw dizzying growth. Folks who used to live in, visit, or pass through Boynton didn’t recognize the place any longer.

Boynton townsfolk awaiting the Orange Blossom Express

 

 

 

The great land boom had greatly altered the landscape of the frontier settlement. New schools, churches, hotels, office buildings, and elaborate residences were under construction.

 

It seemed that with each passing day another developer set up big tents, and their agents took down payments for lots or houses not yet built. A six-story Spanish style hotel under construction on Ocean Avenue was the talk of the town.

 

 

 

 

On Saturday, January 8, 1927 in picture-perfect 72 degree weather, over 500 residents waving flags gathered at the Seaboard Air Line railroad station. Everyone was excited to meet the inaugural train car carrying Seaboard president Solomon Davies Warfield and Florida governor John Wellborn Martin.

Seaboard Air Line President Solomon Davies Warfield

Florida Governor John W. Martin

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The Boynton band welcomed the sleek green, yellow and orange train filled with over 600 “titans of industry” who were interested in investing in Florida land.

Orange Blossom Express

The prominent men who had traveled from New York to south Florida peered out the windows at the assembly.

Train with Mr. Warfield and Governor Martin

Boynton mayor Roy O. Myers had issued a special proclamation ordering all business houses to close from 8 am to 10 am and urged everyone to the Seaboard Air Line station to greet the train and dignitaries. Nearly the whole town turned out for the monumental event.

Decorated Seaboard Air Line station

 

 

 

Chamber of Commerce president Albert Edward Parker and the Boynton Boosters had decorated the Seaboard station in red, white, and blue, and small coconut palms greeted the spectators.  Men wearing suits with suspenders waved their hats, and farmers in overalls and work pants looked around curiously, Women carrying babies waved handkerchiefs, and schoolchildren stood on tiptoe or their father’s shoulders to view the extravaganza.

 

 

Boynton townsfolk greet the Orange Blossom Express

Two young women presented a flower bouquet to Mr. Warfield. He was also given a small wooden chest containing the key to the Town of Boynton. In a few minutes the gala was over, and the train raced south where similar events played out in Delray, Deerfield and Pompano.

Welcome at Boynton (09 Jan 1927, The Palm Beach Post).

Lake Worth Herald